Doctoral Journey
Key words pertinent to my Research Intentions
Academics
Lexicon
Key words that are critical to clearly define (and reference) as I research. As I encounter differing definitions, those will be added. Definitions are listed in alphabetical order.
Closeness
“Closeness encompasses the degree of wearmth and open communication that exists between a teacher and child, and may function as a support for young children in the school environment” (Birch & Ladd, 1997, p. 62).
References
Birch, S.H., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). The teacher-child relationship and children’s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00029-5
Conflict
“Conflict in the teacher-child relationship functions as a stressor for children in the school environment and may impair their successful adjustment to school (Birch & Ladd, 1997, p. 63).
References
Birch, S.H., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). The teacher-child relationship and children’s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00029-5
Dependency
“Dependency refers to possessive and ‘clingy’ child behaviors that are indicative of an overreliance on the teacher as a source of support (Birch & Ladd, 1997, p. 63).
References
Wentzel, K. R.Teacher-Student Relationships and Adolescent Competence at School. In T. Wubbels, P. den Brok, J. van Tartwijk, & J. Levy, Interpersonal Relationships in Education (pp. 19–35). SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-939-8_2
Relationships
Wentzel (2012, p. 20) summarizes as follows:
“In the developmental literature, relationships are typically defined as enduring connections between two indificuals, uniquely characterized by degrees of continuity, shared history, and interdependent interaction across settings and activities”.
She cites Collins & Repinski (1994) and Hinde (1997) as her source for this summary.
She goes on to state that teacher-student relationships are typically defined with respect to emotional support as perceived by the student and examined with respect to their impact on student outcomes (p. 21).
References
Wentzel, K. R.Teacher-Student Relationships and Adolescent Competence at School. In T. Wubbels, P. den Brok, J. van Tartwijk, & J. Levy, Interpersonal Relationships in Education (pp. 19–35). SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-939-8_2
School Refusal Behavior
Kearney, Chapman & Cook (2005) define school refusal behavior as referring to a child-motivated refusal to attend school and/or difficulty remaining in classes for an entire day.
School refusal is not a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) diagnosis. It is described as a symptom that can be associated with several other diagnoses, for example, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, major depression, oppositional defiant disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder, among others. School refusal describes the disorder of a child who refuses to go to school on a regular basis or has problems staying in school. (Kawsar, 2022)
References
Kawsar, M., Yilanli, M., & Marwaha, R. School Refusal. [Updated 2022 Apr 30] In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534195/
Kearney, C.A., Chapman, G., & Cook, L.C. (2005). School refusal behavior in young children. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(3), 216-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100746
TCRI - Teacher Classroom Relationship Inventory
Teacher-classroom relationship Inventory – Ang (2005), measures teacher-student relationships on three axes: Satisfaction, Instrumental Help, Conflict.
References:
Ang, R. (2005). Development and Validation of the Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The Journal of Experimental Education, 74(1), 55–74. https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.74.1.55-74
(Teacher) Immediacy
Immediacy, referring to verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors reducing social and psychological distance between people Andersen (1979) in Song et. al. (2016)
References
Andersen, J. (1979). Teacher immediacy as a predictor of teaching effectiveness. Communication Yearbook, 3, 543-559.
Song, H., Kim, J., & Luo, W. (2016). Teacher–student relationship in online classes: A role of teacher self-disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 436–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.037
Teacher Self-Disclosure
Definitions
Resources for Deeper Understanding
Resources to assist with understandings of various terms and movements in education.
Learning Discourses (Website)
A site constructed by University of Calgary alumni, Brent Davis and Krista Francis, the Discourses on Learning website offers definitions of over 3,000 education-related topics.
References
Davis, B. & Francis, K. (2022). Discourses on learning in education. http://learningdiscourses.com
Teachstone (Website)
Cofounded by researcher Dr. Bridget Hamre, Teachstone is home of the CLASS (Classroom Assessment Scoring System).
From their website: “CLASS not only defines teaching quality through the lens of interactions, it provides the ability to measure and improve the interactions that matter most for student outcomes. And, it’s a journey of continuous improvement that is data-driven and focused on what matters most for student outcomes, interactions.”
References
Class. (n.d.). Teachstone. https://teachstone.com/class/
Academic Phrasebank
A resource for academic writing, this site provides examples of the nuts and botls wording to assist with weaving themes and ideas together in research papers and dissertations.